Knee Arthroscopy
This surgery aims to investigate the joint surface, ligaments, and cartilage inside your knee using a specialized camera called an arthroscope. The arthroscope is inserted through a tiny incision, allowing your surgeon to visualize the intricate structures within your knee on a high-definition monitor. This minimally invasive procedure enables precise examination and assessment of any damage or abnormalities, providing valuable insights for an accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment plan. By using the arthroscope, we can address various issues with minimal disruption to surrounding tissues, promoting quicker recovery and less postoperative discomfort.
DO YOU NEED SURGERY?
This surgery is recommended for individuals exhibiting signs and symptoms such as a torn meniscus, cartilage damage, loose bodies, instability, patellofemoral disorders, or a joint infection. It is particularly effective for addressing mechanical symptoms like clicking, catching, locking, and instability. In most cases, the goal is to resolve the underlying issue. Your surgeon will work with you to determine if and when surgery is the best option for your specific condition.
WHAT HAPPENS DURING SURGERY
Two small arthroscopic incisions are made on each side of your knee. Your surgeon will insert a small camera to assess the structures of your knee, with the images displayed on a monitor. Any defects are treated as needed, excess fluid is drained from the joint, and your skin is closed with sutures.
WHAT COULD GO WRONG
Potential complications of the procedure include infection, bleeding, blood clots in the legs or lungs, and the risks associated with anaesthesia. It is important to discuss these risks and any concerns you may have with your surgeon before proceeding with surgery.
PARTICIPATING IN YOUR REHABILITATION
It’s important to start a simple exercise program to get your knee moving once you’re at home. Most patients are able to go home on the same day as the operation. To manage swelling and pain, rest and keep your leg elevated for a few hours each morning and afternoon during the initial days. Using an ice pack and taking mild pain medication can also help alleviate discomfort.
BENEFITS YOU CAN EXPECT
Some people may need crutches for a few days before resuming their usual daily activities. The goal of this surgery is to address your symptoms, and a full recovery typically takes between six to twelve weeks.
ACL
The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a crucial structure in the center of the knee joint. It connects the thigh bone (femur) to the shin bone (tibia) and plays a vital role in controlling back-and-forth motion while stabilizing the knee. Damage to the ACL can significantly affect knee stability and function.
ACL reconstruction is a surgical procedure that replaces the damaged ligament with a graft, typically taken from your own body. This graft aims to restore strength and stability to your knee, supporting its natural movement and enhancing overall stability. The procedure is designed to help you return to daily activities and sports with renewed confidence.
CAUSES
ACL reconstruction is commonly required when the ligament suffers significant damage, such as a complete tear. ACL tears are among the most frequent knee injuries and are particularly prevalent in sports involving substantial knee twisting, such as netball or football.
Other causes of ACL tears include sudden stops, rapid deceleration while running, improper landing after a jump, and direct impact or strong collisions. An ACL tear typically results in knee instability.
THE SURGERY
Not all ACL tears require surgery. ACL reconstruction is typically recommended for active individuals who wish to return to their chosen sport and enjoy knee stability. Your surgeon will assess whether ACL reconstruction is the best option for you.
The procedure begins with the surgeon making small incisions around the knee. An arthroscope and other instruments are then inserted to access the damaged ligament. The ruptured ACL is removed, and tunnels are created in the femur (thigh bone) and tibia (shin bone) to accommodate the new graft. The graft, which may be taken from either the hamstring tendon or the quadriceps tendon, is prepared to function as a new tendon and is threaded through the tunnels.
The graft is secured in place within the bone, where it will naturally heal and integrate over approximately three months. Any additional joint damage or issues are addressed during the same procedure. Finally, the incisions are closed with sutures and covered with a dressing.
WHAT COULD GO WRONG
As with any joint operation, there are potential risks including infection, blood clots (deep vein thrombosis), swelling, bruising, and joint stiffness. Every precaution is taken to minimize the likelihood of these complications.
Graft failure, which may result from stretching or rupturing, is a possible risk, with a failure rate of approximately 5% (or 1% per year). If graft failure occurs, revision surgery is an option to address the issue.
RECOVERY
Participating in an exercise program with a trained physiotherapist before and after surgery will greatly enhance your recovery. Starting physiotherapy as early as possible can better prepare you for the postoperative period, helping to reduce swelling, restore your range of motion, and enable quicker weight-bearing.
Pre-surgery physiotherapy can aid in your recovery by improving your overall condition. Post-surgery rehabilitation will involve light activities, such as swimming, along with muscle-strengthening exercises. Light jogging typically begins around three to four months after surgery, and return to sports is generally feasible at six months. Most patients find that a full recovery takes approximately 10 to 12 months.